Definition/Is

• Original, v.1.1: English
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• Translations, v.1.0 (update/review pending): suomi
• More in progress

Íslenska - Icelandic	English - Original
Samantekt Þetta skjal skilgreinir „frjálst menningarverk“ sem hugverk eða tjáning sem hver sem er getur kannað, beitt, afritað og/eða breytt í hvaða tilgangi sem er. Það lýsir líka nokkrum leyfilegum takmörkunum sem virða þessi nauðsynlegu grundvallarfrelsi. Skilgreiningin skilur á milli frjálsra verka og frjálsra afnotaleyfa sem má nota til þess að tryggja réttarstöðu frjálsra verka. Skilgreiningin í sjálfri sér er ekki afnotaleyfi heldur verkfæri til þess að ákvarða hvort að verk eða afnotaleyfi eigi að teljast vera „frjálst“.	Summary This document defines "Free Cultural Works" as works or expressions which can be freely studied, applied, copied and/or modified, by anyone, for any purpose. It also describes certain permissible restrictions that respect or protect these essential freedoms. The definition distinguishes between free works, and free licenses which can be used to legally protect the status of a free work. The definition itself is not a license; it is a tool to determine whether a work or license should be considered "free."
Formáli Félagslegar og tæknilegar framfarir hafa gert sístækkandi hluta mannkyns það kleift að nálgast, skapa, breyta, útgefa og dreifa ýmsum tegundum hugverka - listaverk, vísinda- og kennsluefni, hugbúnaður, greinar - í stuttu máli: allt sem hægt er að birta á stafrænu formi. Mörg samfélög hafa myndast á netinu til þess að nota þessa möguleika og skapa sameiginlegan brunn endurnotanlegra hugverka. Flestir höfundar, óháð sviði eða virkni og óháð því hvort að þeir eru fagmenn eða áhugamenn, hafa raunverulega hagsmuni af því að styðja umhverfi þar sem hugverkum má dreifa, endurnýta og nota í afleidd verk. Þeim mun auðveldara sem það er, þeim mun ríkari verður menning okkar. Til þess að tryggja góða virkni þessa umhverfis þá ættu hugverk að vera frjáls og með frelsi þá meinum við: frelsi til að nota verkið og njóta gæða af notkun þess frelsi til að læra af verkinu og til að beita þekkingunni sem hlýst af því frelsi til að afrita og dreifa verkinu í heild eða hluta, upplýsingum úr því eða tjáningu frelsi til að breyta og bæta og til þess að dreifa afleiddum verkum Þessi frelsi ættu að standa öllum til boða, hvar sem er og hvenær sem er. Þau ætti ekki að hefta út frá því samhengi sem verkið er notað í. Sköpun er það að nota tiltæka hugmynd á hátt sem ekki var fyrirséður áður. Í flestum löndum er þessu frelsi ekki framfylgt heldur er eru þau kæfð með lögum sem nefnast höfundalög. Samkvæmt þeim eru höfundar skaparar sem líkjast meira guðum en mönnum og þeim er fengin einokunarstaða þegar kemur að notkun þeirra verka. Slík einokun stendur blómstrandi menningu fyrir þrifum og tryggir ekki lífsviðurværi höfunda svo mikið sem það verndar fjárhagshagsmuni stórra útgáfufyrirtækja. Þrátt fyrir þessi lög geta höfundar gefið verk sín samkvæmt skilmálum skjala sem kölluð eru frjáls afnotaleyfi. Þegar höfundur verks velur að gefa verk sitt út samkvæmt slíku afnotaleyfi þá er hann ekki að afsala sér öllum réttindum heldur að veita öllum öðrum það frelsi sem fjallað er um að ofan. Það er mikilvægt að öll hugverk sem sagt er að séu frjáls séu framangreind frelsi tryggð og virk í framkvæmd án áhættu. Það er af þessari ástæðu sem við munum skilgreina nákvæmlega hvað felst í frelsi hugverka og frjálsum afnotaleyfum.	Preamble Social and technological advances make it possible for a growing part of humanity to access, create, modify, publish and distribute various kinds of works - artworks, scientific and educational materials, software, articles - in short: anything that can be represented in digital form. Many communities have formed to exercise those new possibilities and create a wealth of collectively re-usable works. Most authors, whatever their field of activity, whatever their amateur or professional status, have a genuine interest in favoring an ecosystem where works can be spread, re-used and derived in creative ways. The easier it is to re-use and derive works, the richer our cultures become. To ensure the graceful functioning of this ecosystem, works of authorship should be free, and by freedom we mean: the freedom to use the work and enjoy the benefits of using it the freedom to study the work and to apply knowledge acquired from it the freedom to make and redistribute copies, in whole or in part, of the information or expression the freedom to make changes and improvements, and to distribute derivative works These freedoms should be available to anyone, anywhere, anytime. They should not be restricted by the context in which the work is used. Creativity is the act of using an existing resource in a way that had not been envisioned before. In most countries however, these freedoms are not enforced but suppressed by the laws commonly named copyright laws. They consider authors as god-like creators and give them an exclusive monopoly as to how "their content" can be re-used. This monopoly impedes the flourishing of culture, and it does not even help the economic situation of authors so much as it protects the business model of the most powerful publishing companies. In spite of those laws, authors can make their works free by choosing among a vast array of legal documents known as free licenses. For an author, choosing to put his work under a free license does not mean that he loses all his rights, but it gives to anyone the freedoms listed above. It is important that any work that claims to be free provides, practically and without any risk, the aforementioned freedoms. This is why we hereafter give a precise definition of freedom for licenses and for works of authorship.
Kennsl borin á frjálsa menningu Þetta er skilgreiningin á frjálsum hugverkum sem við hvetjum þig til þess að vísa til þegar þú lýsir verkum þínum: "Þetta hugverk fellur undir frjálst afnotaleyfi í skilningi skilgreinar á frjálsum hugverkum." Ef þú kannt ekki við hugtakið "frjálst hugverk" þá getur þú notað almennara hugtak eins og "frjálst efni" eða vísað til einhverrar af þeim hreyfingum sem skilgreina frelsi verka í sértækara samhengi. Við hvetjum þig jafnframt til þess að nota frjálst hugverk merkingarnar sem eru í almenningi. Athugaðu að slík merking ein og sér hefur ekki þau réttaráhrif sem felast í skilgreiningu frjáls hugverks. Til þess þarf að nota frjálst afnotaleyfi eða gefa verkið í almenning. Við mælum gegn því að nota önnur orð til þess að lýsa frjálsum hugverkum sem ekki bera með sér skýra skilgreiningu á frelsi á borð við "opið efni" eða "opinn aðgang". Slík orð eru gjarnan notuð til að vísa til efnis sem ekki er háð jafn ströngum skilyrðum og gilda samkvæmt höfundarétti eða jafnvel einfaldlega til efnis sem er "aðgengilegt á vefnum".	Identifying Free Cultural Works This is the Definition of Free Cultural Works, and when describing your work, we encourage you to make reference to this definition, as in, "This is a freely licensed work, as explained in the Definition of Free Cultural Works." If you do not like the term "Free Cultural Work," you can use the generic term "Free Content," or refer instead to one of the existing movements that express similar freedoms in more specific contexts. We also encourage you to use the Free Cultural Works logos and buttons, which are in the public domain. Please be advised that such identification does not actually confer the rights described in this definition; for your work to be truly free, it must use one of the Free Culture Licenses or be in the public domain. We discourage you to use other terms to identify Free Cultural Works which do not convey a clear definition of freedom, such as "Open Content" and "Open Access." These terms are often used to refer to content which is available under "less restrictive" terms than those of existing copyright laws, or even for works that are just "available on the Web".
Afnotaleyfi frjálsrar menningar skilgreind Afnotaleyfi eru lögfræðileg skjöl sem rétthafi ákveðinna réttinda getur notað til þess að færa þessi réttindi til þriðja aðila. Frjáls afnotaleyfi taka engin réttindi af neinum, það er frjálst val höfundar að gangast undir þau og ef það er gert þá veita þau öðrum frelsi sem höfundalög gera ekki. Slík afnotaleyfi breyta ekki þeim takmörkunum sem fyrir eru á höfundarétti samkvæmt höfundalögum.	Defining Free Culture Licenses Licenses are legal instruments through which the owner of certain legal rights may transfer these rights to third parties. Free Culture Licenses do not take any rights away -- they are always optional to accept, and if accepted, they grant freedoms which copyright law alone does not provide. When accepted, they never limit or reduce existing exemptions in copyright laws.
Nauðsynleg frelsi	Essential freedoms In order to be recognized as "free" under this definition, a license must grant the following freedoms without limitation: The freedom to use and perform the work: The licensee must be allowed to make any use, private or public, of the work. For kinds of works where it is relevant, this freedom should include all derived uses ("related rights") such as performing or interpreting the work. There must be no exception regarding, for example, political or religious considerations. The freedom to study the work and apply the information: The licensee must be allowed to examine the work and to use the knowledge gained from the work in any way. The license may not, for example, restrict "reverse engineering". The freedom to redistribute copies: Copies may be sold, swapped or given away for free, as part of a larger work, a collection, or independently. There must be no limit on the amount of information that can be copied. There must also not be any limit on who can copy the information or on where the information can be copied. The freedom to distribute derivative works: In order to give everyone the ability to improve upon a work, the license must not limit the freedom to distribute a modified version (or, for physical works, a work somehow derived from the original), regardless of the intent and purpose of such modifications. However, some restrictions may be applied to protect these essential freedoms or the attribution of authors (see below).
Leyfilegar hömlur	Permissible restrictions Not all restrictions on the use or distribution of works impede essential freedoms. In particular, requirements for attribution, for symmetric collaboration (i.e., "copyleft"), and for the protection of essential freedom are considered permissible restrictions.
Frjáls menning skilgreind	Defining Free Cultural Works In order to be considered free, a work must be covered by a Free Culture License, or its legal status must provide the same essential freedoms enumerated above. It is not, however, a sufficient condition. Indeed, a specific work may be non-free in other ways that restrict the essential freedoms. These are the additional conditions in order for a work to be considered free: Availability of source data: Where a final work has been obtained through the compilation or processing of a source file or multiple source files, all underlying source data should be available alongside the work itself under the same conditions. This can be the score of a musical composition, the models used in a 3D scene, the data of a scientific publication, the source code of a computer application, or any other such information. Use of a free format: For digital files, the format in which the work is made available should not be protected by patents, unless a world-wide, unlimited and irrevocable royalty-free grant is given to make use of the patented technology. While non-free formats may sometimes be used for practical reasons, a free format copy must be available for the work to be considered free. No technical restrictions: The work must be available in a form where no technical measures are used to limit the freedoms enumerated above. No other restrictions or limitations: The work itself must not be covered by legal restrictions (patents, contracts, etc.) or limitations (such as privacy rights) which would impede the freedoms enumerated above. A work may make use of existing legal exemptions to copyright (in order to cite copyrighted works), though only the portions of it which are unambiguously free constitute a free work. In other words, whenever the user of a work cannot legally or practically exercise his or her basic freedoms, the work cannot be considered and should not be called "free."
Frekara lesefni	Further reading See Licenses for discussion of individual licenses, and whether they meet this definition or not. See History for acknowledgments and background on this definition. See the FAQ for some questions and answers. See Portal:Index for topic-specific pages about free cultural works.
Nýjar útgáfur	Versioning New versions of this definition shall be released as soon as a consensus (achieved directly or through a vote, as per the authoring process) has developed around suggested changes. Numbering shall be 0.x for initial draft releases, 1.x, 2.x .. for major releases, x.1, x.2 .. for minor releases. A minor release is made when the text is modified in ways which do not have an impact on the scope of existing or hypothetical licenses covered by this definition.