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Definition/Ar
- Original, v.1.1: English
- Translations, v.1.1: العربية • български • català • čeština • Deutsch • Ελληνικά • Esperanto • español • فارسی • français • galego • hrvatski • italiano • 한국어 • македонски • मराठी • norsk bokmål • Nederlands • norsk nynorsk • polski • português • română • русский • slovenčina • slovenščina • svenska • Tiếng Việt
- Translations, v.1.0 (update/review pending): suomi
- More in progress
ملخص
تُعرّف هذه الوثيقة "الأعمال الثقافية الحرة" وهي الأعمال أو الإنشائيات التي يمكن أن يدرسها و/أو يفعلها و/أو ينسخها و/أو يعدلها أي شخص ولأي غرض. تشرح الوثيقة أيضًا بعض القيود المقبولة التي تحترم أو تحمي هذه الحريات الأساسية. إن هذا التعريف يُفرّق بين الأعمال الحرة والتراخيص الحرة التي يمكن أن تُستخدم قانونيًا لحماية حرية العمل. لا يُعتبر التعريف بذاته رخصة؛ بل أداة لتحديد ما إذا كان عمل معين أو رخصة معينة "حرين".
مقدمة
إن التقدمين الاجتماعي والتقني يُمكنان جزءًا يتزايد من البشرية من وصول وخلق وتعديل ونشر وتوزيع أنواع عديدة من الأعمال كالأعمال الفنية والمواد العلمية والتعليمية والبرامج والمقالات، أو باختصار: أي شيء يمكن أن يعبر عنه بصورة رقمية. لقد شُكِّلت كثير من المجتمعات للاستفادة من هذه الإمكانات الجديدة ولخلق ثروة من الأعمال التعاونية التي يمكن إعادة استخدامها.
إن معظم المؤلفين (بغض النظر عن مجال نشاطهم، أو كونهم هواة أو محترفين) يفضلون البيئة التي يمكن فيها لأعمالهم أن تُنشر وأن يعاد استخدامها وأن يُشتق منها بطرق إبداعية. كلما سهلت إعادة استخدام الأعمال ويسر الاشتقاق منها، كلما ازدهرت الثقافات.
ولنضمن الأداء السلس لهذه البيئة، فإن الأعمال المؤلفة يجب أن تكون حرة، ونعني بالحرية:
- حرية استخدام العمل والاستمتاع بمزايا استخدامه.
- حرية دراسة العمل وتفعيل العلم المستفاد منه.
- حرية إنشاء وإعادة توزيع نسخ كاملة أو جزئية من المعلومات أو الإنشاء.
- حرية إجراء تغييرات وتحسينات وتوزيع الأعمال المشتقة.
إذا لم يقم المؤلفون بعمل ما، فإن قانون حقوق النشر الحالي (الذي يحد بطرق عديدة ما يمكن وما لا يمكن للآخرين القيام به) سيشمل أعمالهم. يمكن للمؤلفين جعل أعمالهم حرة عبر الاختيار من بين عدد من المستندات القانونية التي تُسمّى رخصًا. إن وضع المؤلف عمله تحت رخصة حرة لا يعني أنه يتخلى عن جميع حقوقه، بل أنه يعطي الجميع الحريات المسرودة أعلاه.
من الضروري أن يعطي أي عمل يدعي أنه حر عمليًا وبدون أي خطر الحريات المذكورة آنفًا. ولذا فإننا سوف نعطي تعريفًا دقيقًا دقيقًا لحرية الرخص والأعمال المُؤلفة.
تعريف أعمال الثقافة الحرة
This is the Definition of Free Cultural Works, and when describing your work, we encourage you to make reference to this definition, as in, "This is a freely licensed work, as explained in the Definition of Free Cultural Works." If you do not like the term "Free Cultural Work," you can use the generic term "Free Content," or refer instead to one of the existing movements that express similar freedoms in more specific contexts. We also encourage you to use the Free Cultural Works logos and buttons, which are in the public domain.
Please be advised that such identification does not actually confer the rights described in this definition; for your work to be truly free, it must use one of the Free Culture Licenses or be in the public domain.
We discourage you to use other terms to identify Free Cultural Works which do not convey a clear definition of freedom, such as "Open Content" and "Open Access." These terms are often used to refer to content which is available under "less restrictive" terms than those of existing copyright laws, or even for works that are just "available on the Web".
تعريف التراخيص الثقافية الحرة
Licenses are legal instruments through which the owner of certain legal rights may transfer these rights to third parties. Free Culture Licenses do not take any rights away -- they are always optional to accept, and if accepted, they grant freedoms which copyright law alone does not provide. When accepted, they never limit or reduce existing exemptions in copyright laws.
حريات أساسية
In order to be recognized as "free" under this definition, a license must grant the following freedoms without limitation:
- The freedom to use and perform the work: The licensee must be allowed to make any use, private or public, of the work. For kinds of works where it is relevant, this freedom should include all derived uses ("related rights") such as performing or interpreting the work. There must be no exception regarding, for example, political or religious considerations.
- The freedom to study the work and apply the information: The licensee must be allowed to examine the work and to use the knowledge gained from the work in any way. The license may not, for example, restrict "reverse engineering".
- The freedom to redistribute copies: Copies may be sold, swapped or given away for free, as part of a larger work, a collection, or independently. There must be no limit on the amount of information that can be copied. There must also not be any limit on who can cop
قيود مقبولة
Not all restrictions on the use or distribution of works impede essential freedoms. In particular, requirements for attribution, for symmetric collaboration (i.e., "copyleft"), and for the protection of essential freedom are considered permissible restrictions.
تعريف الأعمال الثقافية الحرة
In order to be considered free, a work must be covered by a Free Culture License, or its legal status must provide the same essential freedoms enumerated above. It is not, however, a sufficient condition. Indeed, a specific work may be non-free in other ways that restrict the essential freedoms. These are the additional conditions in order for a work to be considered free:
- Availability of source data: Where a final work has been obtained through the compilation or processing of a source file or multiple source files, all underlying source data should be available alongside the work itself under the same conditions. This can be the score of a musical composition, the models used in a 3D scene, the data of a scientific publication, the source code of a computer application, or any other such information.
- Use of a free format: For digital files, the format in which the work is made available should not be protected by patents, unless a world-wide, unlimited and irrevocable royalty-free grant is given to make use of the patented technology. While non-free formats may sometimes be used for practical reasons, a free format copy must be available for the work to be considered free.
- No technical restrictions: The work must be available in a form where no technical measures are used to limit the freedoms enumerated above.
- No other restrictions or limitations: The work itself must not be covered by legal restrictions (patents, contracts, etc.) or limitations (such as privacy rights) which would impede the freedoms enumerated above. A work may make use of existing legal exemptions to copyright (in order to cite copyrighted works), though only the portions of it which are unambiguously free constitute a free work.
In other words, whenever the user of a work cannot legally or practically exercise his or her basic freedoms, the work cannot be considered and should not be called "free."
قراءات أخرى
- See Licenses for discussion of individual licenses, and whether they meet this definition or not.
- See History for acknowledgments and background on this definition.
- See the FAQ for some questions and answers.
- See Portal:Index for topic-specific pages about free cultural works.
ترقيم الإصدارات
New versions of this definition shall be released as soon as a consensus (achieved directly or through a vote, as per the authoring process) has developed around suggested changes. Numbering shall be 0.x for initial draft releases, 1.x, 2.x .. for major releases, x.1, x.2 .. for minor releases. A minor release is made when the text is modified in ways which do not have an impact on the scope of existing or hypothetical licenses covered by this definition.