Definition/Unstable: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:45, 13 August 2020

Unstable versionThis is the openly editable version of the definition. Please try to find a consensus for any significant changes you make on the discussion page. If you want to work on a substantially different derivative, you can try creating a fork. See authoring process for more information.

Recommended and required criteria

This definition uses the terms may, may not and must not in obvious ways to distinguish required and optional criteria for covered licenses. Importantly, it uses the term should where we recommend that licenses which do not meet the stated criteria should be amended. Later versions of this definition may make some of these criteria mandatory.

Essential freedoms

In order to be recognized as "free" under this definition, a license must grant the following freedoms without limitation:

The freedom to study and apply the information: The licensee must not be restricted by clauses which limit their right to examine, alter or apply the information. The license may not, for example, restrict "reverse engineering", and it may not limit the application of knowledge gained from the work in any way.
The freedom to redistribute copies: Copies may be sold, swapped or given away for free, as part of a larger work, a collection, or independently. There must be no limit on the amount of information that can be copied. There must also not be any limit on who can copy the information or on where the information can be copied.
The freedom to distribute modified versions: In order to give everyone the ability to improve upon a work, the license must not limit the freedom to distribute a modified version, as above, regardless of the intent and purpose of such modifications. However, some restrictions may be applied to protect these essential freedoms, as well as the requirement of attribution (see below).

Allowed requirements and restrictions

There are certain restrictions on the use or interchange of works that we do not feel impede on the essential freedoms enumerated above. These are described below.

Attribution

Attribution protects the integrity of an original work, and provides credit and recognition for authors. A license may therefore require attribution of the author or authors, provided such attribution does not impede normal use of the work. For example, it would not be acceptable for the license to require a significantly more cumbersome method of attribution when a modified version of the licensed text is distributed.

Protection of freedoms

The license may include clauses that strive to protect the essential freedoms of the work, such as:

transparent copies: a clause requiring all copies of the work to be in a transparent file format (documented and not encumbered by patents) which allows the work to be freely used in perpetuity
copyleft or "share-alike": a clause requiring that derivative works are entirely made available under a license which meets this definition
free from technical restrictions: a clause prohibiting the use of technical measures designed to prevent individuals to whom the work is distributed from exercising any of the freedoms described above

The license may not include clauses that strive to limit the essential freedoms of the work, such as:

usage restrictions: the license must not limit the licensee's actions beyond those which may have a plausible and direct impact on the essential freedoms of the work or its derivatives. Explicitly, it must not limit commercial use of the work.

Recommendations

Authors of licenses should make an effort to gradually make licenses which share the same philosophical roots and legal principles compatible with each other to ensure that works under these licenses can be combined and aggregated freely. This may be accomplished by altering the terms of the license (e.g. by removing a restriction which the other license does not have), or by adding migration clauses which allow the use of the licensed work under the now compatible license.

When making copies of a work, the licensee should be allowed to refer to a resource pointer instead of being required to distribute the license text itself with each copy of the work. Similarly, the license should allow the author or authors to specify a resource pointer for the attribution of multiple authors of a work. This is to ensure that the attribution requirement for complex collaborative works does not become an impediment.

Notes

Under some jurisdictions, notably some European countries, authors have inalienable moral rights and cannot completely release their works into the public domain. If you believe that you have a right to put your own works in the public domain, regardless of what the law says, you can make a declaration of public domain status which contains a safeguard clause, such as: "I, the author of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible: I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law."

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-PATRIZIO PATANE'
+{{divbox|blue|Unstable version|This is the openly editable version of the definition. Please try to find a consensus for any significant changes you make on the [[Talk:Definition/Unstable|discussion page]]. If you want to work on a substantially different derivative, you can try [[creating a fork]]. See [[authoring process]] for more information.}}
-Born in Brindisi in 1952 by Father Petty Officer of the Italian Navy, "Marine Master" and housewife mother after a few years, still a child. from Apulia began a tour of the naval bases and Lighthouses throughout  all Italy. With such "background", sea salt flows in his veins and was enrolled at the Naval Institute S. Giorgio di Genova course for Deck Officers. He later moved with his family in Sardinia, so loved by his father and completed his studies at the Institute of Nautical Carloforte acquiring the title of commander of the Merchant Ships 1972.  That same year, was selected winner of the Council of Europe reserved for particularly deserving students demonstrating knowledge and will Europeanist. In Dublin, at St Patrick's College, worked in teams to develop a projects on the integration of maritime transport / air / land and rail in the future enlarged E.U.
-After several years as a deck officer on military and merchant ships around the world and after the period of military service as a pilot officer. In 1979 he was recruited as a board operator for the ship's & air suppliers group Cianciola Spa. From 1985 to 1989 has served as import-export manager, with expertise across the former USSR and Eastern European countries.
+== Recommended and required criteria ==
-From 1989 to 1994 he served as director of Sardinia branch of the same company with expertise in ship's &air supplies to all ports and airports in Sardinia.
-Among his many important operations, please note in particular that he followed  personally the cruise in Italy and all supplies of the Royal Yacht Britannia (United Kingdom) with the S. A. Britain's Prince Charles and Lady Diana and 2 times the Royal Yacht and the Royal Navy of Oman in the port of Cagliari.
+This definition uses the terms ''may'', ''may not'' and ''must not'' in obvious ways to distinguish required and optional criteria for covered licenses. Importantly, it uses the term ''should'' where we recommend that licenses which do not meet the stated criteria should be amended. Later versions of this definition may make some of these criteria mandatory.
-Since 1994 he decided to deal with tourism and using his knowledge in the former Soviet Union chose that country (then unknown and unlikely tourist) to publicize and market the Sardinia and Italy. In that moment of political transition a difficult and perhaps risky choice for the field of "leisure" that emerged from 70 years of the regime and who was considered a poor market and ephemeral that it would hardly produced a major tourist demand.
-In 1995 he led the first Russian journalists (TASS) in Porto Cervo and strove for the realization of a great documentary on Russian TV RTR around Sardinia. In the same year began charter flights from Moscow and St. Petersburg to Ancona-Falconara, organized through the agency, the CGT an innovative tour operator in Grottammare (AP). His Storex small, but very active promotion and tourism marketing firm, it was proposed as an intermediary between the first Russian tour operators and hoteliers sardi and italian, would have to be supported and helped by Sardinia government grants, having regard to the great economic fallout on the Isle, but for unexplained jealousies and misunderstandings was left alone and had to use only his own personal resources to continue its costly and extensive process of market penetration of the East Europe.
+== Essential freedoms ==
-Since this time thousand and thousand Russian tourist have visited and appreciated Sardinia, today considered in Russia a "status symbol" touristic destination.
-Patrizio Patanè  and his firm were awarded numerous international awards including that of R.A.T.A. (Russian tour operators association) and ACK (Czech Republic) and numerous Italian and foreign students have attended "Stage" training with excellent results.
+In order to be recognized as "free" under this definition, a license must grant the following freedoms without limitation:
-In recent times due to political choices, concomitant with the globalization and the increasingly common use of the Internet and "tourism DIY, Patrizio Patanè and his Storex firm strongly affected by the crisis in the sector, but from his pioneering and innovative spirit, we expect new challenges and new initiatives.
+* '''The freedom to study and apply the information:''' The licensee must not be restricted by clauses which limit their right to examine, alter or apply the information. The license may not, for example, restrict "reverse engineering", and it may not limit the application of knowledge gained from the work in any way.
+* '''The freedom to redistribute copies:''' Copies may be sold, swapped or given away for free, as part of a larger work, a collection, or independently. There must be no limit on the amount of information that can be copied. There must also not be any limit on who can copy the information or on where the information can be copied.
+* '''The freedom to distribute modified versions:''' In order to give everyone the ability to improve upon a work, the license must not limit the freedom to distribute a modified version, as above, regardless of the intent and purpose of such modifications. However, some restrictions may be applied to protect these essential freedoms, as well as the requirement of attribution (see below).
+== Allowed requirements and restrictions ==
+There are certain restrictions on the use or interchange of works that we do not feel impede on the essential freedoms enumerated above. These are described below.
+=== Attribution ===
+Attribution protects the integrity of an original work, and provides credit and recognition for authors. A license may therefore require attribution of the author or authors, provided such attribution does not impede normal use of the work. For example, it would not be acceptable for the license to require a significantly more cumbersome method of attribution when a modified version of the licensed text is distributed.
+=== Protection of freedoms ===
+The license ''may'' include clauses that strive to protect the [[#Essential freedoms|essential freedoms]] of the work, such as:
+* '''transparent copies:''' a clause requiring all copies of the work to be in a transparent file format (documented and not encumbered by patents) which allows the work to be freely used in perpetuity
+* '''copyleft or "share-alike":''' a clause requiring that derivative works are entirely made available under a license which meets this definition
+* '''free from technical restrictions:''' a clause prohibiting the use of technical measures designed to prevent individuals to whom the work is distributed from exercising any of the freedoms described above
+The license ''may not'' include clauses that strive to limit the [[#Essential freedoms|essential freedoms]] of the work, such as:
+* '''usage restrictions''': the license must not limit the licensee's actions beyond those which may have a plausible and direct impact on the essential freedoms of the work or its derivatives. Explicitly, it ''must not'' limit commercial use of the work.
+== Recommendations ==
+Authors of licenses ''should'' make an effort to gradually make licenses which share the same philosophical roots and legal principles compatible with each other to ensure that works under these licenses can be combined and aggregated freely. This may be accomplished by altering the terms of the license (e.g. by removing a restriction which the other license does not have), or by adding migration clauses which allow the use of the licensed work under the now compatible license.
+When making copies of a work, the licensee ''should'' be allowed to refer to a resource pointer instead of being required to distribute the license text itself with each copy of the work. Similarly, the license ''should'' allow the author or authors to specify a resource pointer for the attribution of multiple authors of a work. This is to ensure that the attribution requirement for complex collaborative works does not become an impediment.
+== Further reading ==
+* See [[Licenses]] for discussion of individual licenses, and whether they meet this definition or not.
+* See [[History]] for acknowledgments and background on this definition.
+* See the [[FAQ]] for some questions and answers.
+* See [[Portal:Index]] for topic-specific pages about free content and free expressions.
+== Notes ==
+# Under some jurisdictions, notably some European countries, authors have inalienable [[w:moral rights|moral rights]] and cannot completely release their works into the [[w:public domain|public domain]]. If you believe that you have a right to put your own works in the public domain, regardless of what the law says, you can make a declaration of public domain status which contains a safeguard clause, such as: "I, the author of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible: I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law."
+__NOTOC__