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Важно е всяко произведение, което претендира да бъде свободно, да предоставя тези свободи на практика и без какъвто и да е правен риск. Ето защо по-надолу следва прецизна '''дефиниция на свободата''' за лицензи и авторски произведения. | Важно е всяко произведение, което претендира да бъде свободно, да предоставя тези свободи на практика и без какъвто и да е правен риск. Ето защо по-надолу следва прецизна '''дефиниция на свободата''' за лицензи и авторски произведения. | ||
== | == Identifying Free Cultural Works == | ||
Това е ''Определението на Свободни произведения на културата'', и когато описвате вашето произведение ви насърчаваме да давате за справка тази дефиниция, например "Това е творба под свободен лиценз, според ''Определението на Свободни произведения на културата''." Ако не харесвате термина "Свободно произведение на културата," можете да използвате родовия термин "Свободно съдържание" или да се отнесете към някое от [[Existing Movements|съществуващите движения]], които изразяват подобни свободи в по-специфични контексти. Също така ви насърчаваме да използвате [[logos and buttons|логата и бутоните]], които са в сферата на общественото достояние. | Това е ''Определението на Свободни произведения на културата'', и когато описвате вашето произведение ви насърчаваме да давате за справка тази дефиниция, например "Това е творба под свободен лиценз, според ''Определението на Свободни произведения на културата''." Ако не харесвате термина "Свободно произведение на културата," можете да използвате родовия термин "Свободно съдържание" или да се отнесете към някое от [[Existing Movements|съществуващите движения]], които изразяват подобни свободи в по-специфични контексти. Също така ви насърчаваме да използвате [[logos and buttons|логата и бутоните]], които са в сферата на общественото достояние. | ||
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Не ви съветваме да идентифицирате Свободните произведения на културата с други термини, които не дават ясно определение на свободата, като например "Отворено съдържание" и "Отворен достъп". Тези термини често се използват за съдържанието, което е достъпно под "по-малко ограничителни" условия от тези на съществуващите закони за авторското право, или дори за произведения които просто са "достъпни в Мрежата". | Не ви съветваме да идентифицирате Свободните произведения на културата с други термини, които не дават ясно определение на свободата, като например "Отворено съдържание" и "Отворен достъп". Тези термини често се използват за съдържанието, което е достъпно под "по-малко ограничителни" условия от тези на съществуващите закони за авторското право, или дори за произведения които просто са "достъпни в Мрежата". | ||
== | == Defining Free Culture Licenses == | ||
Licenses are legal instruments through which the owner of certain legal rights may transfer these rights to third parties. Free Culture Licenses do not take any rights away -- they are always optional to accept, and if accepted, they grant freedoms which copyright law alone does not provide. When accepted, they never limit or reduce existing exemptions in copyright laws. | |||
=== | === Essential freedoms === | ||
In order to be recognized as "free" under this definition, a license must grant the following freedoms without limitation: | |||
* ''' | * '''The freedom to use and perform the work:''' The licensee must be allowed to make any use, private or public, of the work. For kinds of works where it is relevant, this freedom should include all derived uses ("related rights") such as performing or interpreting the work. There must be no exception regarding, for example, political or religious considerations. | ||
* ''' | * '''The freedom to study the work and apply the information:''' The licensee must be allowed to examine the work and to use the knowledge gained from the work in any way. The license may not, for example, restrict "reverse engineering". | ||
* ''' | * '''The freedom to redistribute copies:''' Copies may be sold, swapped or given away for free, as part of a larger work, a collection, or independently. There must be no limit on the amount of information that can be copied. There must also not be any limit on who can copy the information or on where the information can be copied. | ||
* ''' | * '''The freedom to distribute derivative works:''' In order to give everyone the ability to improve upon a work, the license must not limit the freedom to distribute a modified version (or, for physical works, a work somehow derived from the original), regardless of the intent and purpose of such modifications. However, some restrictions may be applied to protect these essential freedoms or the attribution of authors (see below). | ||
=== | === Permissible restrictions === | ||
Not all restrictions on the use or distribution of works impede essential freedoms. In particular, requirements for attribution, for symmetric collaboration (i.e., "copyleft"), and for the protection of essential freedom are considered [[permissible restrictions]]. | |||
== | == Defining Free Cultural Works == | ||
In order to be considered free, a work ''must'' be covered by a Free Culture License, or its legal status ''must'' provide the same ''essential freedoms'' enumerated above. It is not, however, a sufficient condition. Indeed, a specific work may be non-free in other ways that restrict the essential freedoms. These are the additional conditions in order for a work to be considered free: | |||
* ''' | * '''Availability of source data:''' Where a final work has been obtained through the compilation or processing of a source file or multiple source files, all underlying source data should be available alongside the work itself under the same conditions. This can be the score of a musical composition, the models used in a 3D scene, the data of a scientific publication, the source code of a computer application, or any other such information. | ||
* ''' | * '''Use of a free format:''' For digital files, the format in which the work is made available should not be protected by patents, unless a world-wide, unlimited and irrevocable royalty-free grant is given to make use of the patented technology. While non-free formats may sometimes be used for practical reasons, a free format copy ''must'' be available for the work to be considered free. | ||
* ''' | * '''No technical restrictions:''' The work must be available in a form where no technical measures are used to limit the freedoms enumerated above. | ||
* ''' | * '''No other restrictions or limitations:''' The work itself must not be covered by legal restrictions (patents, contracts, etc.) or limitations (such as privacy rights) which would impede the freedoms enumerated above. A work may make use of existing legal exemptions to copyright (in order to cite copyrighted works), though only the portions of it which are unambiguously free constitute a free work. | ||
In other words, whenever the user of a work cannot legally or practically exercise his or her basic freedoms, the work cannot be considered and should not be called "free." | |||
== | == Further reading == | ||
* | * See [[Licenses]] for discussion of individual licenses, and whether they meet this definition or not. | ||
* | * See [[History]] for acknowledgments and background on this definition. | ||
* | * See the [[FAQ]] for some questions and answers. | ||
* | * See [[Portal:Index]] for topic-specific pages about free cultural works. | ||
== | == Versioning == | ||
New versions of this definition shall be released as soon as a consensus (achieved directly or through a vote, as per the [[authoring process]]) has developed around suggested changes. Numbering shall be 0.x for initial draft releases, 1.x, 2.x .. for major releases, x.1, x.2 .. for minor releases. A minor release is made when the text is modified in ways which do not have an impact on the scope of existing or hypothetical licenses covered by this definition. | |||
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