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From Definition of Free Cultural Works
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穩定版本
本文件為本定義之 1.0 穩定版,版本號碼將會隨著定義演進而更新,您可以在 Definition/Unstable 找到可編輯的版本。請參閱 authoring process 以獲取更多資訊,若您想協助將本定義翻譯為另外一種語言,則請檢視 translations
Stable version
This is stable version 1.0 of the definition. The version number will be updated as the definition develops. The editable version of the definition can be found at Definition/Unstable. See authoring process for more information, and see translations if you want to contribute a version in another language.

摘要

本文件將「自由文化創作品」(Free Cultural Works)定義為能夠被任何人在任何Link title目的下,自由地進行研析、應用、複製且(或)更改的作品或表述。文件中亦描述了特定可允許的限制條件,用以保護或避免干預這些關鍵的自由。本定義與自由創作品(Free Works)不同,也和用以保護自由創作品之狀態的自由授權條款(Free Licenses)不同;本定義並不是授權條款,而是用以判定某一作品或受條款是否應該被視為「自由」的工具。

Summary

This document defines "Free Cultural Works" as works or expressions which can be freely studied, applied, copied and/or modified, by anyone, for any purpose. It also describes certain permissible restrictions that respect or protect these essential freedoms. The definition distinguishes between free works, and free licenses which can be used to legally protect the status of a free work. The definition itself is not a license; it is a tool to determine whether a work or license should be considered "free."

前言

社會與科技的演進,使得越來越多人得以「近用、創造、修改、出版與散佈」不同種類的創作品,包含了藝術品、科學與教育素材、軟體、文章等,簡言之,泛指任何可以用數位形式再現之物。此外,許多社群也群聚起來實踐這些新的可能性,並且建立了相當豐富的可重複使用之作品集。

不論來自那個領域或專業與否,大多數的作者都支持促進一個創作品能採用有創意的途徑進行散播、重複使用與改作的生態體系。因為越容易重複使用與改作創作品,我們的文化就將越豐富。

為了確保這樣生態體系能順暢地運作,創作品的作者權(authorship)應該是「自由」的,在此所提到「自由的權利」包括:

  • 自由地使用創作品的權利,並且得以獲得使用該創作品的益處;
  • 自由地研析創作品的權利,並且得以應用透過該創作品所獲得的知識;
  • 自由地製作與散佈複製品的權利,不論所複製範圍為全體或部份、亦不論複製對象為資訊或表述;
  • 自由地更改與改進的權利,並且得以散佈其衍生創作品。

不論是任何人在任何地點與時間,這些自由應該都是有效力的,這些自由也不應該因為創作品使用之情境脈絡而有所限制;因為創意所指涉的意涵,即為一種運用現有資源的方法,且這種方法過去未曾實現。

然而,在多數國家當中,這些自由的權利通常不是被強調,而是被「著作權」法律所壓制,這些法律將作者視為像神一般的創造者,並且針對所謂「他們的內容」如何被再次使用,給予作者們完全的壟斷權利。這個壟斷權利阻礙了文化發展的興盛,此外,甚至對這些作者的經濟情況也沒有改善太多,因為這些權利主要是保護了大多數有權勢的出版公司之商業模式。

根據這些法律的精神,作者可以在為數眾多的 自由授權條款 的法律文件中,選擇合適的授權條款,藉以將他們的創作品轉化為自由創作品。而對於作者而言,選擇將他的創作品放置在「自由授權條款」之下,並不代表他將喪失所有的權利,而是僅給予所有人上述的自由權利。

當任何創作品被宣稱為自由地提供前述的自由權利時,是否確實如此與是否沒有任何風險就變得非常重要。正因如此,針對這些授權條款以及具有作者權的創作品,我們之後將給予一個準確的「自由權利之定義」。

Preamble

Social and technological advances make it possible for a growing part of humanity to access, create, modify, publish and distribute various kinds of works - artworks, scientific and educational materials, software, articles - in short: anything that can be represented in digital form. Many communities have formed to exercise those new possibilities and create a wealth of collectively re-usable works.

Most authors, whatever their field of activity, whatever their amateur or professional status, have a genuine interest in favoring an ecosystem where works can be spread, re-used and derived in creative ways. The easier it is to re-use and derive works, the richer our cultures become.

To ensure the graceful functioning of this ecosystem, works of authorship should be free, and by freedom we mean:

  • the freedom to use the work and enjoy the benefits of using it
  • the freedom to study the work and to apply knowledge acquired from it
  • the freedom to make and redistribute copies, in whole or in part, of the information or expression
  • the freedom to make changes and improvements, and to distribute derivative works

These freedoms should be available to anyone, anywhere, anytime. They should not be restricted by the context in which the work is used. Creativity is the act of using an existing resource in a way that had not been envisioned before.

In most countries however, these freedoms are not enforced but suppressed by the laws commonly named copyright laws. They consider authors as god-like creators and give them an exclusive monopoly as to how "their content" can be re-used. This monopoly impedes the flourishing of culture, and it does not even help the economic situation of authors so much as it protects the business model of the most powerful publishing companies.

In spite of those laws, authors can make their works free by choosing among a vast array of legal documents known as free licenses. For an author, choosing to put his work under a free license does not mean that he loses all his rights, but it gives to anyone the freedoms listed above.

It is important that any work that claims to be free provides, practically and without any risk, the aforementioned freedoms. This is why we hereafter give a precise definition of freedom for licenses and for works of authorship.

區辨自由文化創作品

本文件為「自由文化創作品定義」,當描述您的作品時,我們鼓勵您在文件中參照本定義,如下「這是被自由授權的創作品,在『自由文化創作品』定義中可找到詳盡說明」。若您不喜歡使用「自由文化創作品」這個詞彙,您也可以使用「自由內容」這個較通用的詞彙,或者也可參照到這些 既有的運動 當中的任何一個,藉以用較精準的情境脈絡表述出類似的自由權利。此外,我們也鼓勵您使用 自由文化創作品的識別標誌與圖示 ,這些標誌與圖示的授權都是屬於公共領域。

請注意,單是使用這樣的識別並「無法」實際給予本定義當中所陳述之權利;若要讓您的創作品真的自由,則作品本身必須要選用自由文化 授權條款,或者將作品放入公共領域當中。

Identifying Free Cultural Works

This is the Definition of Free Cultural Works, and when describing your work, we encourage you to make reference to this definition, as in, "This is a freely licensed work, as explained in the Definition of Free Cultural Works." If you do not like the term "Free Cultural Work," you can use the generic term "Free Content," or refer instead to one of the existing movements that express similar freedoms in more specific contexts. We also encourage you to use the Free Cultural Works logos and buttons, which are in the public domain.

Please be advised that such identification does not actually confer the rights described in this definition; for your work to be truly free, it must use one of the Free Culture Licenses or be in the public domain.

我們不鼓勵您使用其他無法傳達出清楚的自由權利之詞彙來代表自由文化創作品,例如「開放內容」與「開放近用」等,這些詞彙

We discourage you to use other terms to identify Free Cultural Works which do not convey a clear definition of freedom, such as "Open Content" and "Open Access." These terms are often used to refer to content which is available under "less restrictive" terms than those of existing copyright laws, or even for works that are just "available on the Web".