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OSHW older drafts

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Old drafts of OSHW definition

IMPORTANT: This page is a repository for older, deprecated drafts of the Open-Source Hardware definition.

For the current version, please instead go here.

Please do not modify the definitions on this page, as they have been endorsed by individuals in their present form. You may, however, add your name to the lists of endorsements if you would like to do so.



Open Source Hardware (OSHW) Draft Definition version 0.3

OSHW Draft Definition 0.3 is based on the Open Source Definition for Open Source Software and draft OSHW definition 0.2. The definition is derived from the Open Source Definition, which was created by Bruce Perens and the Debian developers as the Debian Free Software Guidelines. Videos and Documentation of the Opening Hardware workshop which kicked off the below definition are available here. Please join the conversation about the definition here

Introduction

Open Source Hardware (OSHW) is a term for tangible artifacts -- machines, devices, or other physical things -- whose design has been released to the public in such a way that anyone can make, modify, distribute, and use those things. This definition is intended to help provide guidelines for the development and evaluation of licenses for Open Source Hardware.

It is important to note that hardware is different from software in that physical resources must always be committed for the creation of physical goods. Accordingly, persons or companies producing items ("products") under an OSHW license have an obligation not to imply that such products are manufactured, sold, warrantied, or otherwise sanctioned by the original designer and also not to make use of any trademarks owned by the original designer.

The distribution terms of Open Source Hardware must comply with the following criteria:

1. Documentation

The hardware must be released with documentation including design files, and must allow modification and distribution of the design files. Where documentation is not furnished with the physical product, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining this documentation for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably downloading via the Internet without charge. The documentation must include design files in the preferred form for which a hardware developer would modify the design. Deliberately obfuscated design files are not allowed. Intermediate forms analogous to compiled computer code -- such as printer-ready copper artwork from a CAD program -- are not allowed as substitutes.

2. Necessary Software

If the hardware requires software, embedded or otherwise, to operate properly and fulfill its essential functions, then the documentation requirement must also include at least one of the following: The necessary software, released under an OSI-approved open source license, or other sufficient documentation such that it could reasonably be considered straightforward to write open source software that allows the device to operate properly and fulfill its essential functions.

3. Derived Works

The license shall allow modifications and derived works, and shall allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original hardware. The license shall allow for the manufacture, sale, distribution, and use of products created from the design files or derivatives of the design files.

4. Free redistribution

The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the project documentation as a component of an aggregate distribution containing designs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale. The license shall not require any royalty or fee related to the sale of derived works.

5. Attribution

The license may require derived works to provide attribution to the original designer when distributing design files, manufactured products, and/or derivatives thereof. The license may also require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original design.

6. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

7. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor

The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the hardware in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the hardware from being used in a business, or from being used in nuclear research.

8. Distribution of License

The rights attached to the hardware must apply to all to whom the product or documentation is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.

9. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product

The rights attached to the hardware must not depend on the hardware being part of a particular larger product. If the hardware is extracted from that product and used or distributed within the terms of the hardware license, all parties to whom the hardware is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original distribution.

10. License Must Not Restrict Other Hardware or Software

The license must not place restrictions on other hardware or software that may be distributed or used with the licensed hardware. For example, the license must not insist that all other hardware sold at the same time be open source, nor that only open source software be used in conjunction with the hardware.

11. License Must Be Technology-Neutral

No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface.


Afterword

The signatories of this Open Source Hardware definition recognize that the open source movement represents only one way of sharing information. We encourage and support all forms of openness and collaboration, whether or not they fit this definition.

Endorsements

OSHW Draft Definition 0.3 has been endorsed by the following persons and/or organization as of September 22, 2010. 

Please feel free to add (your own names) to this section. Listing your affiliation is optional for personal endorsements, and endorsements are presumed to be personal unless the organization name is listed separately.

Please join the conversation about the definition here







Definition version 0.1

(This version has been endorsed by several individuals; please do not modify.)

Open-source hardware is that for which its designer:

  • provides design files (in the preferred format for making modifications to them)
  • allows the modification and redistribution of the design files
  • allows the manufacture, sale, distribution, and use of devices from the design files or modifications of the design files

without discrimination against persons, groups, or fields of endeavor. Additionally, the designer must publish any documentation and release under an open-source license any software it has developed that is essential to the proper functioning of the device.

The designer may require others to:

  • provide attribution when distributing design files based on the original designer's
  • provide attribution when manufacturing devices based on the original designer's design files or derivatives thereof
  • release as open-source hardware devices based on the original designer's design files or derivatives thereof

Manufacturers of a derivative device must not:

  • imply that the device is manufactured, tested, warrantied, guaranteed, or otherwise sanctioned by the original designer
  • make use of any trademarks owned by the original designer without explicit permission

We recognize that open-source is only one way of sharing information about hardware and encourage and support all forms of openness and collaboration, whether or not they fit this definition.

Definition version 0.2

The designer of open-source hardware will: 

   * provide design files (in the preferred format for making modifications to them)
   * allow the modification and redistribution of the design files
   * allow the manufacture, sale, distribution, and use of devices from the design files or modifications of the design files 
   * publish any documentation and release under an open-source license any software it has developed that is essential to the proper functioning of the device

without discrimination against persons, groups, or fields of endeavor.

The designer may require others to: 

   * provide attribution when distributing design files based on the original designer's
   * provide attribution when manufacturing devices based on the original designer's design files or derivatives thereof
   * release as open-source hardware devices based on the original designer's design files or derivatives thereof

Manufacturers of a derivative device must not: 

   * imply that the device is manufactured, tested, warrantied, guaranteed, or otherwise sanctioned by the original designer
   * make use of any trademarks owned by the original designer without explicit permission

Disclaimer: We recognize that open-source is only one way of sharing information about hardware and encourage and support all forms of openness and collaboration, whether or not they fit this definition.


Signatories of version 0.1

The following people have endorsed this definition of open-source hardware:

  • David A. Mellis, MIT Media Lab and Arduino
  • Limor Fried, Adafruit Industries
  • Phillip Torrone, Adafruit Industries and Senior Editor - MAKE magazine
  • Chris Anderson, DIY Drones and Editor in Chief --WIRED Magazine
  • Massimo Banzi, Arduino and Tinker it!
  • Ken Gilmer, Bug Labs
  • Jonathan Kuniholm, Open Prosthetics Project/Shared Design Alliance
  • John Wilbanks, Creative Commons
  • Zach Smith / Bre Pettis / Adam Mayer, MakerBot Industries
  • Nathan Seidle, SparkFun Electronics
  • Alicia Gibb, Bug Labs
  • Russell Nelson, Open Source Initiative
  • David Cuartielles, Arduino and Malmo University
  • Leah Buechley, MIT Media Lab

Initial Workshop Participants

This definition originated with discussion between attendees of the Opening Hardware workshop at Eyebeam (New York City), March 17, 2010, in particular (listed alphabetically by first name):

  • Alicia Gibb, Bug Labs
  • Ayah Bdeir, Eyebeam
  • Becky Stern, MAKE
  • Benjamin Mako Hill, MIT
  • Bunnie Huang, Chumby
  • Chris Anderson, Wired Magazine and DIY Drones
  • David A. Mellis, MIT Media Lab and Arduino
  • Gianluca Martino, Arduino
  • John Wilbanks, Creative Commons
  • Jonathan Kuniholm, Open Prosthetics Project/Shared Design Alliance
  • Ken Gilmer, Bug Labs
  • Ken Gracey, Parallax
  • Limor Fried, Adafruit Industries
  • Massimo Banzi, Arduino
  • Nathan Seidle, SparkFun
  • Phillip Torrone, Make and Adafruit Industries
  • Thinh Nguyen, Creative Commons
  • Tom Igoe, ITP and Arduino
  • Zach Smith, MakerBot


These people haven't necessarily endorsed the definition, but all had a hand in helping to draft it.

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