Editing User:Jpotvin/Free-Libre-Open Hardware Definition


== Free/Libre/Open Hardware Definition ==

A device is considered "free/libre/open hardware" or "open hardware" if its designer, or design community, has distributed the device's essentials in a manner that:

'''A. Respects the freedom of others:'''

1. To use the device, in whole or in part, for any purpose;

2. To study how the device works, and to change it so it meets their needs;

3. To make and redistribute copies of the original or their modified versions, for free or otherwise;

'''B. Fulfills these preconditions:'''

4. Share essential documentation, requirements, design files, software and data under compatible free/libre/open licenses;israsyaiful5934@gmail.com

5. State the current system's functional completeness in relation to its requirements;

'''C. Avoids these restrictions:'''

6. Do not apply royalties to original or derived works;facebook.com

7. Do not discriminate against persons or groups;

8. Do not discriminate against fields of endeavour;

9. Do not tie to another license or to a non-disclosure agreement;

10. Do not tie to any particular product, technology or purpose;

11. Do not restrict other hardware or software's terms and conditions.

12. Do not impose cumbersome attribution requirements.

== Economic Drivers of Open Hardware Methods for Projects ==

'''Augment Benefits'''

* Knowledge-sharing & innovation through agile private-public-academic collaboration
** Cross-industry
** Cross-sector/Cross-departmental
** International
* End-to-end design, prototyping and production optimized for:
** Iterative learning-by-making
** Speed-to-market
** Small quantities, prompt customization for niche requirements, mass-customization
** Deep customization
** Agility to accommodate rapidly changing requirements
* Leverage of existing intellectual assets
* Accept extreme competion with no barriers to entry
* Diversify and decentralize talent and facilities
** Opportunities for small/medium enterprise outside major cities
** Everyday working linkages that are local, regional, national and global
* Engage internal and external expertise
** Different core competencies
** Quality assurance community 
** Implementation community
* "Reshoring" reverses decades of "off-shoring"
** Functions as a manufacturing business incubator, and as a direct showcase for investors
** Skilled workers and students develop practical experience
** Builds local income opportunities, keeps more money in the community

'''Manage Risk'''

* Distribute risk amongst multiple investors
* Protect the "knowledge commons"
* Devices outlast their team/organization (sustainability)‏
* Learn from peer review feedback
** Praise and/or criticism
** Confirmation/rejection of assumptions
** Employee retention & succession management
* Ideal for awkward, heavy, fragile or expensive devices
** Finding the cheapest possible manufacturing is a less important factor in cost management
** High-value individual units damaged, delayed, or lost in-transit are a major concern
* Reduce risk exposure during turbulent times, 
** Currency exchange rate fluctuations driven by speculators
** Availability of international commercial credit interruptions during financial crises 
** Transportation cost fluctuations due to fuel prices
** Foreign labour issues that are less well understood than local issues
** Negotiation and contracting across languages, cultures, legal jurisdictions and time-zones

'''Reduce Costs‏'''

* Re-use components (own & others)‏
** Redirect creativity, effort and spending out of redundancy and idiosyncracy
** Externalize some costs of creation/evolution
* Reduce start-up times and delivery times 
* Engage international open vendor-neutral standards by default
* More elegant modular architecture
* More agile systems development
* Eliminate most costs of rights protection, reverse-engineering, litigation, non-disclosure;
* Flexibility to easily adapt to client requirements
* Freedom to stand still (no forced obsolescence/upgrades)‏
* Streamline and standardize management of licenses and agreements, greatly reducing legal costs